R package rootSolve (Soetaert 2009) includes root-finding algorithms to solve for the roots of n nonlinear equations, using a Newton-Raphson method.An extension of R function uniroot Functions that find the steady-state condition of a set of ordinary differential equations (ODE). These functions are compatible with the solvers in package deSolve (Soetaert, Petzoldt, and Setzer 2010c), (Soetaert, Petzoldt, and Setzer 2010b), which solve initial value differential equatons. Separate solvers for full, banded and generally sparse problems are included. These allow to estimate the steady-state of 1-D, 2-D and 3-D partial differential equations (PDE) that have been rewritten as a set of ODEs by numerical differencing, e.g. using the functions available in package ReacTran (Soetaert and Meysman 2010).Functions that calculate the Hessian and Jaobian matrix or more general the gradient of functions with respect to independent variables.